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The Revolutionary Exit of Russia from the First World War and Germany
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The Revolutionary Exit of Russia from the First World War and Germany
Annotation
PII
S013038640008654-7-
Publication type
Article
Status
Published
Authors
Boris Khavkin 
Affiliation: Russian State University for the Humanities
Address: Russian Federation, Moscow
Edition
Issue 2
Pages
96-107
Abstract

The article examines the problem of Russia's revolutionary withdrawal from the First World War in the context of Soviet-German relations in 1918. This problem is assessed differently in Russian and German historiography. However, historians agree that the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk was Soviet Russia’s attempt at a revolutionary exit from the First World War. The peace Treaty between Soviet Russia on the one hand, and Germany, Austria-Hungary, Turkey, and Bulgaria on the other, signed on March 3, 1918 in Brest-Litovsk, legally secured the collapse of old Russia and the formation of "independent states" on its territory. Soviet Russia, as well as Imperial Germany and its allies recognized the independence of Ukraine, Belarus, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, and Finland. At the same time, the German and Austro- Hungarian armies occupied the Baltic States, Belarus, Ukraine and part of Russia. Thus, Germany, while losing the First World War in the West, actually won it in the East. The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk became the proof of that. Instead of a universal democratic world without annexation and indemnity, the desire for which was declared by the Bolsheviks, it turned out to be a forced separate peace, "predatory" and "obscene". Peace with the Bolsheviks and the elimination of the Eastern front allowed Germany to continue the war in the West for another six months. However, the revolution in Germany, the death of the German Empire and the break of the Brest Treaty were echos of the 1917 Revolution in Russia. On November 13, 1918, Soviet Russia annulled the Treaty and its additional agreements. These documents were also repealed by article 116 of the Treaty of Versailles on 28 June 1919.

Keywords
«The Decree on Peace», the Brest Peace Treaty, Germany's plans for Russia's relations, «The Russian-German Supplementary Treaty to the Peace Treaty concluded between Russia on the one hand, and Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria and Turkey on the other», secret additional Agreement on the Brest-Litovsk Treaty of August 27, 1918.
Received
29.01.2020
Date of publication
27.03.2020
Number of purchasers
41
Views
5241
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0.0 (0 votes)
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S013038640008654-7-1 Дата внесения правок в статью - 02.03.2020
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