Margarita Mikhailovna

The article discusses the outcomes of studying paleoanthropological fi ndings which were discovered in the 1950s and which originated from burials at Upper Paleolithic sites of different geological age and cultural origin - those at a unique Middle Don river location by the settlement of Kostenki. The author sums up the results of later research on the issue and outlines problems and prospects for their further exploration in view of theoretical developments in evolutionary anthropology.